4/10/2023 0 Comments Dato agrupadosÉ desenvolvido e explicado um novo método para a interpolação de estruturas etárias detalhadas de fecundidade, a partir de dados agrupados por idade. Users can calculate detailed schedules directly from the input data, using only elementary arithmetic. The conclusion is that the CS method is an easily computed, flexible, and accurate method for interpolating detailed fertility schedules from age-group data. The results show that CS replicates known 1 f x schedules from 5 f x data better, and its interpolated schedules are also smoother. I compare the CS estimator to a very good alternative method that requires more computation: Beers interpolation. The penalty is based both on fit to the available age-group data, and on similarity to patterns of 1 f x schedules observed in the Human Fertility Database (HFD) and in the US Census International Database (IDB). ![]() The new method, called the calibrated spline (CS) estimator, expands an abridged fertility schedule by finding the smooth curve that minimizes a squared error penalty. The method allows estimation of fertility rates over any fine grid of ages, from either standard or non-standard age groups. This item may be available elsewhere in EconPapers: Search for items with the same title.Calibrated spline estimation of detailed fertility schedules from abridged data 1Įstimadores splines calibrados: estimativas de taxas detalhadas de fecundidade a partir de dados agrupados por idadeĮstimadores spline calibrados para tasas detalladas de fecundidad a partir de datos agrupados por edadĬenter for Demography and Population Health, Florida State University, Tallahassee, USA ( develop and explain a new method for interpolating detailed fertility schedules from age-group data. References: View references in EconPapers View complete reference list from CitEc JEL-codes: C25 C31 C51 R23 (search for similar items in EconPapers) Keywords: modelo Probit modelo de gravedad proporciones flujos migratorios España (search for similar items in EconPapers) We also consider the case of a financially constrained government,as well as the case of a uniform subsidy to production and innovation costs. In equilibrium, because of the innovation subsidy, R&D increases withspillovers, and so does welfare. ![]() The production subsidy is higher for very low spillovers, while the innovation subsidy is higher formoderate/high spillovers. The innovation subsidy is increasing in spillovers. The optimalproduction subsidy either increases monotonically with spillovers, or is U-shaped with respect tospillovers, depending on exogenous parameters. ![]() On the other hand, providinga production subsidy reduces the cost of the innovation subsidy, and vice versa. we find that production subsidies crowd out innovation. In a three-stage game, the government chooses production and innovation subsidies inthe first stage to maximize welfare in the presence of a shadow cost of public funds two firmsinvest in cost-reducing R&D in the second stage and the two firms compete in quantities in thelast stage. Wedevelop a model which allows us to calculate the socially optimal subsidies (and how they varywith changes in the economic environment), and to understand how firms react to each type ofsubsidy. This paper studies the interaction between production subsidies and innovation subsidies. Modelos Probit para flujos de migración de datos agrupados: una nota teórica
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